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'Refugees' by Martin Monnickendam, 1936
Collection Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam

Historical context

  • Foreign Office
  • Diplomacy and Persecution

Background

  • The persecution of Jews
  • The life of German Jews
  • The migration of German Jews
  • Dutch refugee policy
  • The reception of German Jews

Dossiers

  • The AA and the Final Solution
  • The Évian Conference
  • Debate on the refugee issue
  • German intellectuals in exile
  • The ‘Feldscher Action’
  • Refugees as returnees
  • The Kristallnacht
  • Webs of informants
  • Protests in the Netherlands
  • Austrian jews after the Anschluss
  • Sweden as Schutzmacht
The Dutch debate on the refugee issue

Hebreeuwse vertaling

The legation in The Hague monitored not only the Dutch reactions to the anti-Jewish measures in Germany, but also attitudes to the flow of Jewish refugees who had been seeking sanctuary in the Netherlands since 1933. Actions and protests against the support given to German-Jewish refugees, for example, in the National-Socialist press and from the delegate Marchant et d’Ansembourg, were particularly noted and endorsed.

 

1939 (NIOD 41053)

Checkpoint, 1939 (NIOD 41053)

 

The parliamentary debates, held repeatedly during this period, on admission or exclusion, internment in camps, and conditions of entry, were closely followed. The German delegate reported regularly on the position adopted by Justice Minister Goseling and Prime-Minister Colijn.

There was understanding for the position of Colijn, who decided after the Kristallnacht not to allow Jewish refugees to enter the Netherlands in large numbers or without restrictions. One of the fears voiced by Colijn in the Second Chamber was that a flood of Jewish refugees would feed antisemitism (entry 358).

 

Even so, according to Zech, the influence of the German-Jewish immigrants, particularly in Amsterdam, had reached a point where “if things continued along these lines the Dutch might not only develop sympathy for the German treatment of the Jews, but might even follow suit” (entry 332).

 

German Organisations

  • Abteilung D
  • NSDAP Foreign Branch
  • The German Legation
  • Gestapo
  • Territory II
  • Reich Security Main Office
  • Reich Commission
  • Schutzstaffel (SS)
  • Security service
  • Security police

Key figures

  • Johan W. Albarda
  • Otto Bene
  • Count von Zech-Burkersroda
  • Hendrikus Colijn
  • Adolf Eichmann
  • Carel M.J.F. Goseling
  • Franz Rademacher
  • Josef R.H. van Schaik
  • Eberhard von Thadden
  • Horst Wagner